CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus for academic session 2026-27
This page contains the CBSE Class 12 Accountancy syllabus for the academic session 2026-27, as prescribed by CBSE curriculum.
Rationale: The course in accountancy is introduced at plus two stage of senior second of school education, as the formal commerce education is provided after ten years of schooling. With the fast changing economic scenario, accounting as a source of financial information has carved out a place for itself at the senior secondary stage. Its syllabus content provide students a firm foundation in basic accounting concepts and methodology and also acquaint them with the changes taking place in the preparation and presentation of financial statements in accordance to the applicable accounting standards and the Companies Act 2013. The course in accounting put emphasis on developing basic understanding about accounting.
Marking Scheme
Theory: 80 Marks
3 Hours
Project: 20 Marks
Units
Marks
Part A
Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies
Unit 1. Accounting for Partnership Firms
36
Unit 2. Accounting for Companies
24
60
Part B
Financial Statement Analysis
Unit 3. Analysis of Financial Statements
12
Unit 4. Cash Flow Statement
8
20
Part C
Project Work
20
Project work will include:
Project File: 12 Marks
Viva Voce: 8 Marks
OR
Part B
Computerized Accounting
Unit 4. Computerized Accounting
20
Part C
Practical Work
20
Practical work will include:
Practical File 12 Marks
Viva Voce 8 Marks
Syllabus – Units/Topics
Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies
Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms
Accounting for Partnershp Firms – Basic Concepts
•
Partnership: features, Partnership Deed.
•
Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed.
•
Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts.
Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits.
•
Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio).
•
Goodwill: meaning, nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation – average profit, super profit and capitalization.
Note: Interest on partner’s loan is to be treated as a charge against profits.
Goodwill: meaning, factors affecting, need for valuation, methods for calculation (average profits, super profits and capitalization), adjusted through partners capital/ current account.
Accounting for Partnership Firms – Reconstitution and Dissolution.
•
Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners – sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet.
•
Admission of a partner – effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and re-assessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of capital, current account and balance sheet.
•
Retirement and death of a partner: effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits, losses and reserves, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of capital, current account and balance sheet. Preparation of loan account of the retiring partner.
•
Calculation of deceased partner’s share of profit till the date of death. Preparation of deceased partner’s capital account and his executor’s account.
•
Dissolution of a partnership firm: meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm. Settlement of accounts – preparation of realization account, and other related accounts: capital accounts of partners and cash/bank a/c (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of partner(s)).
Note:
(i)
If the realized value of tangible assets is not given it should be considered as realized at book value itself.
(ii)
If the realized value of intangible assets is not given it should be considered as nil (zero value).
(iii)
In case, the realization expenses are borne by a partner, clear indication should be given regarding the payment thereof.
Unit-2 Accounting for Companies
Accounting for Share Capital
•
Features and types of companies.
•
Share and share capital: nature and types.
•
Accounting for share capital: issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares.
Public subscription of shares – over subscription and under subscription of shares; issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash.
•
Concept of Private Placement and Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP), Sweat Equity.
•
Accounting treatment of forfeiture and re-issue of shares.
•
Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company.
Accounting for Debentures
•
Debentures: Meaning, types, Issue of debentures at par, at premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures (concept of TDS is excluded). Writing off discount / loss on issue of debentures.
Note: Discount on loss on issue of debentures to be written off in the year debentures are alloted from Security Premium Reserve (if it exists) and then from Statement of Profit and Loss as Financial Cost (AS 16)
Part B: Financial Statement Analysis
Unit 3: Analysis of Financial Statements
Financial Statements of a Company:
Meaning, Nature, Uses and importance of financial statement.
Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet in prescribed form with major headings and sub headings (as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013)
Note: Exceptional items, extraordinary items and profit (loss) from discontinued operations are excluded.
•
Financial Statement Analysis: Meaning, Significance Objectives, importance and limitations.
•
Tools for Financial Statement Analysis: comparative statements; common size statements, Ratio analysis, Cash flow analysis.
•
Accounting Ratios: Meaning, Objectives, Advantages, classification and computation.
•
Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio.
•
Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio. Debt to Capital Employed Ratio.
•
Activity Ratios: Inventory Turnover Ratio, Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio, Trade Payables Turnover Ratio, Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio, Net Asset Turover Ratio and Working Capital Turnover Ratio.
•
Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio and Return on Investment.
Note: Net Profit Ratio is to be calculated on the basis of profit before and after tax.
Unit 4: Cash Flow Statement
•
Meaning, objectives Benefits, Cash and Cash Equivalents, Classification of Activities and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only))
Note:
(i)
Adjustments relating to depreciation and amortization, profit or loss on sale of assets including investments, dividend (both final and interim) and tax.
(ii)
Bank overdraft and cash credit to be treated as short term borrowings.
(iii)
Current Investments to be taken as Markettable securities unless otherwise specified.
Note: Previous years’ Proposed Dividend to be given effect, as prescribed in AS-4, Events occurring after the Balance Sheet date. Current years’ Proposed dividend will be accounted for in the next year after it is declared by the shareholders.
Project Work
One specific project based on financial statement analysis of a company covering any two aspects from the following:
1.
Comparative and common size financial statements
2.
Accounting Ratios
3.
Segment Reports
4.
Cash Flow Statements
OR
Part B: Computerised Accounting
Unit 3: Computerised Accounting
Overview of computerised Accounting System
•
Introduction: Application in Accounting.
•
Features of Computerised Accounting System.
•
Structure of CAS.
•
Software Packages: Generic; Specific; Tailored.
Accounting Application for Electronic Spreadsheet.
•
Concept of electronic spreadsheet.
•
Features offered by electronic spreadsheet.
•
Application in generating accounting information – bank reconciliation statement, asset accounting; loan repayment of loan schedule, ratio analysis.
•
Data representation – graphs, charts and diagrams.
Using Computerised Accounting System.
•
Steps in installation of CAS, codification and Hierarchy of account heads, creation of accounts.
•
Data: Entry, validation and verification.
•
Adjusting entries, preparation of balance sheet, profit and loss account with closing entries and opening entries.
•
Need and security features of the system.
Part C: Practical Work
Syllabus – Learning Outcomes
Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies
Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms
After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
•
state the meaning of partnership, partnership firm and partnership deed.
•
describe the characteristic features of partnership and the contents of partnership deed.
•
discuss the significance of provision of Partnership Act in the absence of partnership deed.
•
differentiate between fixed and fluctuating capital, outline the process and develop the understanding and skill of preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
•
develop the understanding and skill of preparation profit and loss appropriation account involving guarantee of profits.
•
develop the understanding and skill of making past adjustments.
•
state the meaning, nature and factors affecting goodwill
•
develop the understanding and skill of valuation of goodwill using different methods.
•
state the meaning of sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio and the change in profit sharing ratio among existing partners.
•
develop the understanding of accounting treatment of revaluation assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits by preparing revaluation account and balance sheet.
•
explain the effect of change in profit sharing ratio on admission of a new partner.
•
develop the understanding and skill of treatment of goodwill as per AS-26, treatment of revalutation of assets and re-assessment of liabilities, treatment of revenues and accumulated profits, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of capital, current account and balance sheet of the new firm.
•
explain the effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio.
•
develop the understanding of accounting treatment of goodwill, revaluation of assets and re-assessment of liabilities and adjustment of accumulated profits, losses and reserves on retirement / death of a partner and capital adjustment.
•
develop the skill of calculation of deceased partner’s share till the time of his death and prepare deceased partner’s and executor’s account.
•
discuss the preparation of the capital accounts of the remaining partners and the balance sheet of the firm after retirement / death of a partner.
•
understand the situations under which a partnership firm can be dissolved.
•
develop the understanding of preparation of realization account and other related accounts.
Unit-2 Accounting for Companies
After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
•
state the meaning of share and share capital and differentiate between equity shares and preference shares and different types of share capital.
•
understand the meaning of private placement of shares and Employee Stock Option Plan.
•
explain the accounting treatment of share capital transactions regarding issue of shares.
•
develop the understanding of accounting treatment of forfeiture and re-issue of forfeited shares.
•
describe the presentation of share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per schedule III part I of the Companies Act 2013.
•
explain the accounting treatment of different categories of transactions related to issue of debentures.
•
develp the undersanding and skill of writing of discount / loss on issue of debentures.
•
understand the concept of collateral security and its presentation in balance sheet.
•
develop the skill of calculating interest on debentures and its accounting treatment.
•
state the meaning of redemption of debentures.
Part B: Financial Statement Analysis
Unit 3: Analysis of Financial Statements
After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
•
develop the understanding of major headings and sub-headings (as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013) of balance sheet as per the prescribed norms / formats.
•
state the meaning, objectives and limitations of financial statement analysis.
•
discuss the meaning of different tools of ‘financial statements analysis’.
•
develop the skill of preparation of comparative and common size stastement, undersatnd their uses and difference between the two.
•
state the meaning, objectives and significance of different types of ratios.
•
develop the underatnding of computation of current ratio and quick ratio.
•
develop the skill of computation of debt equity ratio, total asset to debt ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio.
•
develop the skill of computation of inventory turnover ratio, trade receivables and trade payables ratio and working capital turnover ratio and others.
•
develop the skil of computation of grass profit ratio, operating ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on investment.
Unit 4: Cash Flow Statement
After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
•
state the meaning and objectives of cash flow statement.
•
develop the understanding of preparation of Cash Flow Statement using indirect method as per AS 3 with given adjustments.
Prescribed Books
Accountancy – I
NCERT Publication
Accountancy – II
NCERT Publication
Accountancy – Computerised Accounting System
NCERT Publication
Suggested Question Paper Design
Theory: 80 Marks
3 hrs.
Project: 20 Marks
S.No.
Typology of Questions
Marks
Percentage
1
Remembering and Understanding
Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers.
Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas.
32
40%
2
Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way.
24
30%
3
Analysing, Evaluating and Creating:
Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations.
Present and defend opinions by making judgements about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria.
Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new patern or proposing alternative solutions.
24
30%
Total
80
100%