This page contains the NCERT Computer Science class 11 chapter 3 Emerging Trends. You can find the solutions for the chapter 3 of NCERT class 11 Computer Science Exercise. So is the case if you are looking for NCERT class 11 Computer Science related topic Emerging Trends questions and answers for the Exercise
Exercise
1. List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Some cloud-based services many of us use are:
•
Google Drive (online storage/backup)
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Google Docs (edit documents online – SaaS)
•
Gmail (email service on Internet)
•
Dropbox (cloud storage and sharing)
•
Microsoft Office 365 (online Office apps – SaaS)
•
iCloud (Apple cloud backup/storage)
2. What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of its potential applications.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that have embedded hardware and software to communicate (connect and exchange data) with other devices on the same network.
Potential applications of IoT:
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Smart homes: control bulbs, fans, AC, microwave, CCTV, door locks using a smartphone
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Smart cities: traffic control, smart street lights, waste management
•
Healthcare: wearable devices to monitor health (heart rate, steps, etc.)
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Transport: vehicle tracking, smart parking
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Agriculture: soil/moisture sensors for better irrigation
3. Write short notes on the following:
a)
Cloud Computing
b)
Big data and its Characteristics
3(a) Cloud Computing:
Cloud computing means computer-based services are delivered over the Internet (cloud) and can be used from anywhere using any device. It provides resources like software, servers, databases, storage, etc., usually on a pay per use basis.
It is cost-effective and provides on-demand resources.
It is cost-effective and provides on-demand resources.
3(b) Big Data and its Characteristics
Big Data means very large and complex data sets that are difficult to process using traditional tools. This data can be unstructured (posts, chats, photos, videos, etc.).
Five characteristics of Big Data (5V):
1
Volume
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Means the huge amount (size) of data generated and stored.
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Example: photos/videos uploaded daily, online shopping records, banking transactions, etc.
2
Velocity
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Means the speed at which data is generated, collected, and processed.
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Example: live GPS tracking, real-time stock prices, social media updates, sensor data.
3
Variety
•
Means data comes in different formats and types.
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Example: text messages, emails, images, videos, audio, logs, sensor readings, etc.
4
Veracity
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Means the accuracy and reliability of data.
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Big Data may contain noise, duplicates, bias, or incorrect data, so it must be cleaned/verified.
•
Example: fake reviews, incomplete forms, wrong entries, repeated records.
5
Value
•
Means the usefulness of Big Data.
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The main goal is to extract meaningful information (patterns/insights) that helps in decision-making.
•
Example: recommendations on shopping apps, detecting fraud in banking, predicting traffic congestion.
4. Explain the following along with their applications.
a)
Artificial Intelligence
b)
Machine Learning
4(a) Artificial Intelligence (AI):
Artificial Intelligence (AI) tries to simulate human intelligence in machines, so they can do tasks like learning, decision-making, and problem solving with minimum human intervention.
Applications of AI:
•
Map apps suggesting the fastest route using real-time traffic data
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Automatic face recognition and tagging in photos
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Digital assistants like Siri, Alexa, etc.
4(b) Machine Learning (ML)
Machine Learning is a subsystem of AI where computers learn from data using statistical techniques, without being explicitly programmed. Models are trained using training data and tested using testing data, then used for prediction on new data.
Applications of ML:
•
Spam detection in email
•
Product/movie recommendations
•
Predicting prices or trends based on past data
5. Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.
Basis
Cloud Computing
Grid Computing
Meaning / idea
Delivers computer-based services over the Internet (cloud) that can be accessed from anywhere using any device.
A network of geographically dispersed and heterogeneous computational resources.
Main focus
Providing services like software, servers, databases, storage, etc.
Application-specific; works like a virtual supercomputer with huge processing power and storage.
Who provides resources?
Resources are provided by cloud service providers and users are usually charged on a pay-per-use basis.
Multiple nodes (users’ computing nodes) join together temporarily to solve a common computational problem.
Use / advantage
User can run bigger applications or process large data without having required storage/processing power on their own computer (needs Internet).
Helps solve computationally intense scientific and research problems without buying costly hardware.
Types / models
Cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.
Grid types: Data grid (large distributed data) and CPU/Processor grid (parallel processing across nodes).
Examples
Cloud computing: Using cloud for online document editing with Google Doc / Microsoft Office 365 / Dropbox (SaaS).
Grid computing: Many different devices/PCs/workstations connected via LAN/Internet share resources as nodes to solve one large task (virtual supercomputer idea).
6. Justify the following statement:
“Storage of data is cost-effective and time saving in cloud computing.”
Cloud storage is cost-effective because we don’t need to buy expensive storage devices and maintain them. We can use storage on-demand and pay only for what we use (pay per use).
It is time saving because:
•
Data can be stored/updated quickly over the Internet
•
Files are accessible anywhere, anytime
•
Backup and sharing become faster and easier
7. What is on-demand service? How it is provided in cloud computing?
On-demand service means the user can get resources whenever required, based on need (without buying them permanently).
In cloud computing, on-demand service is provided by giving:
•
Servers/VMs, storage, networking (IaaS)
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Platform/environment to develop and deploy apps (PaaS)
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Ready-to-use software (SaaS)
8. Write examples of the following:
a)
Government provided cloud computing platform
b)
Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide
(a) Government provided cloud platform: GI Cloud (MeghRaj)
(b) Some large scale private cloud service providers and services:
•
Amazon Web Services (AWS): virtual servers, storage, databases
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Microsoft Azure: virtual machines, cloud storage, app hosting
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Google Cloud Platform (GCP): compute services, cloud storage, databases
9. A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services, such as virtual server provisioning and on demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customised applications. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
a)
Platform as a Service
b)
Software as a Service
c)
Application as a Service
d)
Infrastructure as a Service ✔
✅ d) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Because the requirement is clearly about virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage, which are infrastructure resources.
10. If the government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the following be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT-enabled smart school?
a)
e-textbooks
b)
Smart boards
c)
Online Tests
d)
Wifi sensors on classrooms doors
e)
Sensors in buses to monitor their location
f)
Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring.
In an IoT (Internet of Things) setup, different devices with embedded hardware and software can connect and exchange data with other devices on the same network. Using such connected devices and smart sensors (which take input from the physical environment, process it, and then pass the data ahead), a school can be made “smart”.
a)
e-textbooks
•
Provide e-textbooks on tablets/e-readers linked to the school network/Wi-Fi.
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Content can be updated centrally and shared with students anytime, and students can access it on-the-go using connected devices (like smartphone/tablet).
b)
Smart boards
•
Install smart boards connected to the Internet and the school network.
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Teachers can open digital lessons, display videos/animations, and save/share class notes instantly with students through the network (devices communicate and exchange data).
c)
Online Tests
•
Conduct tests on computers/tablets using the school network.
•
Answers are submitted online; the system can auto-check objective questions and generate reports by processing the collected data (IoT devices exchange data over the network).
d)
Wi-Fi sensors on classroom doors
•
Fit classroom doors with Wi-Fi enabled smart sensors to detect events like door open/close, unauthorised entry, or after-hours access.
•
Since a smart sensor can detect specific input, process data, and send it forward, it can trigger alerts/notifications to staff when needed.
e)
Sensors in buses to monitor their location
•
Install GPS + network-enabled sensors in school buses.
•
Location data can be sent over the network to a central system for monitoring; such sensor information can be transmitted to a centralised computer for analysis.
f)
Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring
•
Give students wearables that connect to the school network.
•
When a student enters the campus/classroom, the wearable can communicate with the system and mark attendance automatically (devices exchange data on the network).
11. Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited budget and limited computer infrastructure. How can they avail the benefits of cloud services to launch their startup?
They can use cloud computing to avoid buying costly hardware/software and use resources on-demand:
•
Rent virtual machines and storage (IaaS) instead of buying servers
•
Use PaaS to develop/test/deploy their app without managing servers
•
Use SaaS tools like online docs, email, meetings, project tools
They pay on a pay per use basis, which suits a limited budget.
12. Governments provide various scholarships to students of different classes. Prepare a report on how blockchain technology can be used to promote accountability, transparency and efficiency in distribution of scholarships?
Blockchain can help because it is a decentralised and shared database where each node keeps a copy, and it maintains a single updated and secure ledger. The ledger is append-only and is updated only after all nodes authenticate the transaction.
How it improves scholarship distribution:
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Transparency: Every scholarship transaction is recorded in the ledger, so records can be verified.
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Accountability: Since data cannot be easily altered by one person (many nodes keep copies), unfair changes become very difficult.
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Efficiency: Verification becomes faster because the system checks and authenticates transactions across the network.
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Reduced fraud: Duplicate/false claims can be detected because all records are stored securely and consistently.
13. How are IoT and WoT related?
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IoT connects physical devices (things) that can exchange data on a network.
•
WoT (Web of Things) uses web services to connect and control these devices through the web, so we can avoid using many different apps and aim for a more common interface.
So, WoT is like an extension/approach of IoT using the web to make communication and control easier.
14. Match the columns:
Column A
Column B
1.
You got a reminder to take medication
A.
Smart Parking
2.
You got an SMS alert that you forgot to lock the door
B.
Smart Wearable
3.
You got an SMS alert that parking space is available near your block
C.
Home Automation
4.
You turned off your LED TV from your wrist watch
D.
Smart Health
Column A
Column B
1.
You got a reminder to take medication
D.
Smart Health
2.
You got an SMS alert that you forgot to lock the door
C.
Home Automation
3.
You got an SMS alert that parking space is available near your block
A.
Smart Parking
4.
You turned off your LED TV from your wrist watch
B.
Smart Wearable