This page contains the entrepreneurship class 11 cbse book chapter/unit An Entrepreneur notes where in the questions/answers/solutions for this chapter/unit 2 are covered.
Very Short Answers
Question Q.1.(i)
Q.1.(i) Who is an Intrapreneur?
Answer Q.1.(i)
An intrapreneur is an employee who uses entrepreneurial skills inside a large organisation to create value.
Question Q.1.(ii)
Q.1.(ii) Define Entrepreneurial Motivation.
Answer Q.1.(ii)
Entrepreneurial motivation is the process that activates entrepreneurs to exert high effort to achieve goals.
Question Q.1.(iii)
Q.1.(iii) What do you mean by competency?
Answer Q.1.(iii)
Competency is a set of defined behaviours used to identify, evaluate, and develop a person’s behaviours.
Question Q.1.(iv)
Q.1.(iv) Which value provides goal direction to entrepreneurs?
Answer Q.1.(iv)
Quest for outstanding performance or achievement provides clear goal direction to entrepreneurs.
Question Q.1.(v)
Q.1.(v) State one crucial feature of Fabian Entrepreneurs?
Answer Q.1.(v)
Fabian entrepreneurs are very cautious and imitate only when not doing so may cause loss of position.
Question Q.1.(vi)
Q.1.(vi) ‘Hero Motocorp manufactures two wheelers and provide services.’ This is an example of which type of entrepreneur?
Answer Q.1.(vi)
It is an example of an Industrial Entrepreneur, because they manufacture products and offer services with demand.
Question Q.1.(vii)
Q.1.(vii) “They are highly ambitious are normally not satisfied by slow progress in their jobs.” This applies for which entrepreneurs?
Answer Q.1.(vii)
This applies to Motivated Entrepreneurs, who use technical/professional skill and aim for faster progress and results.
Question Q.1.(viii)
Q.1.(viii) “When it wanes, as it surely will in difficult times, take some guilt time.” This statement shows which attitude of an entrepreneur.
Answer Q.1.(viii)
It shows the attitude of having passion for the business and renewing it during difficult times.
Short Answers
Question Q.2.(i)
Q.2.(i) Why attitude is called pervasive?
Answer Q.2.(i)
Attitude is called pervasive because it is not limited to one situation. It spreads into many areas of our life and influences how we think, feel, and behave towards people, work, and events. Since attitude affects behaviour and is carried everywhere, it becomes “pervasive.”
Question Q.2.(ii)
Q.2.(ii) Explain any two features of attitude.
Answer Q.2.(ii)
Two features of attitude are:
1.
Affects behaviour: our actions change according to our attitude (positive/negative).
2.
Acquired: attitude is learned gradually through experiences and surroundings, not inborn. These features show why attitude matters so much in entrepreneurship.
Question Q.2.(iii)
Q.2.(iii) Explain these core values:
a)
Respect for work
b)
Innovation and creativity
Answer Q.2.(iii)
Two core values are:
a)
Respect for work means treating work as meaningful and dignified. An entrepreneur with respect for work values effort, time, discipline, and quality. Such a person does not feel any task is “small”, and tries to do the job properly to build trust and long-term success.
b)
Innovation and creativity mean thinking of new ideas and applying them in products/services, methods, markets, or packaging. Entrepreneurs who value innovation try to improve things continuously and solve problems in new ways. This helps them stay competitive and create value in society.
Question Q.2.(iv)
Q.2.(iv) Name the types of entrepreneurs according to Danhof.
Answer Q.2.(iv)
According to C. Danhof, the types of entrepreneurs are:
•
Innovative
•
Imitative
•
Fabian
•
Drone
Question Q.2.(v)
Q.2.(v) What is the importance of an Intrapreneur in an organization?
Answer Q.2.(v)
Intrapreneurs help a company innovate from within by turning new ideas into profitable projects using company resources. They also help retain talented employees—otherwise employees may quit and start their own ventures. So it becomes a win-win for the organization and the employee.
Question Q.2.(vi)
Q.2.(vi) What is “Innovation time off” in an Intrapreneurship program?
Answer Q.2.(vi)
“Innovation time off” is a program where employees are encouraged to use part of their work time for innovative projects that can benefit the company. For example, Google encourages employees to spend 20% of their time on such projects and follow a formal proposal and evaluation process.
Long Answers
Question Q.3.(i)
Q.3.(i) “The thoughts feelings and tendencies to behave are acquired gradually.” In the light of this statement describe the sources of attitudes.
Answer Q.3.(i)
Attitudes are learned gradually from different sources. First,direct personal experience shapes attitude (good/bad workplace experience). Second,group associations like family, peers, work groups, and culture strongly influence what we accept and value. Third,influential others such as respected friends, relatives, and experts can form or change our attitudes, and even advertisements use such influence to shape consumer attitudes.
Question Q.3.(ii)
Q.3.(ii) “Attitude is not by birth; it is acquired” Explain.
Answer Q.3.(ii)
Attitude is not inborn because a child does not naturally know how to feel about work, risk, ethics, or business. Over time, attitudes develop through experiences, family environment, peer pressure, culture, and role models. That’s why attitudes can also be improved—when we learn new values, face new situations, or get inspired by mentors and successful entrepreneurs.
Question Q.3.(iii)
Q.3.(iii) “Entrepreneurs venture to take risks but some entrepreneurs are very shy and lazy by nature.” Mention the name of such entrepreneurs and explain
Answer Q.3.(iii)
Such entrepreneurs are Fabian Entrepreneurs. They are described as shy, lazy, very cautious, and rigid in approach. They avoid taking risks and generally follow traditional methods. They copy or imitate changes only when they are sure that not changing will harm their business position, especially in family businesses where they follow predecessors.
Question Q.3.(iv)
Q.3.(iv) “Innovation and creativity both are interrelated” Explain.
Answer Q.3.(iv)
Creativity is about generating new ideas, while innovation is about applying those ideas in practical business. An entrepreneur may creatively think of a new solution, and innovation happens when that solution becomes a new product, service, method, or improvement. For example, changing packaging to attract customers is a creative step that becomes innovation when it increases sales and creates value.
Question Q.3.(v)
Q.3.(v) “We can appoint an employee but not an entrepreneur.” Describe difference between an employee and an entrepreneur in the light of this statement.
Answer Q.3.(v)
An employee can be appointed because the enterprise already exists and the person is hired to perform a defined role. But an entrepreneur is not “appointed”—they create the enterprise, decide what to do, take responsibility, and bear risks. Employees generally work for fixed hours and get fixed salary, while entrepreneurs think about business continuously and earn uncertain profit (or loss).
Question Q.3.(vi)
Q.3.(vi) Differentiate between an Intrapreneur and Entrepreneur.
Answer Q.3.(vi)
Basis
Intrapreneur
Entrepreneur
Place of work
Works within a large firm
Creates/owns own enterprise
Risk
Uses entrepreneurial skills without incurring major risks personally
Bears risk and uncertainty of the venture
Resources
Uses company resources
Arranges own resources(capital, team, etc.)
Purpose
Turns a project into a profitable venture for the company
Builds enterprise for self/market opportunity
Question Q.3.(vii)
Q.3.(vii) Explain the following Entrepreneurial Competencies:
Watch VideoWatch VideoWatch Video
a)
Persistence
b)
Leadership
c)
Systematic planning
Answer Q.3.(vii)
a)
Persistence means continuing efforts even when obstacles come. Entrepreneurs face failures, competition, and uncertainty, so persistence helps them keep trying, improving, and not giving up quickly. It builds long-term success because business results take time.
b)
Leadership is the ability to guide and influence others towards goals. An entrepreneur needs leadership to inspire employees, coordinate work, and maintain direction, so that both individuals and organization move together for maximum satisfaction and results.
c)
Systematic planning means thinking in advance: what to do, when, how, and who will do it. It helps entrepreneurs use resources properly, reduce waste, and handle business steps in an organized way instead of making random decisions.
Question Q.3.(viii)
Q.3.(viii) Why is systematic planning a must for an Entrepreneur?
Answer Q.3.(viii)
Systematic planning is necessary because entrepreneurship involves risk, resources, and many connected decisions. If an entrepreneur plans properly, they can estimate demand, arrange finance, select resources, and avoid unnecessary losses. Planning helps convert an idea into a workable venture and also supports growth by setting targets and strategies. It reduces uncertainty and increases chances of success.
Question Q.3.(ix)
Q.3.(ix) Define Business Ethics? Why is it important to an entrepreneur.
Answer Q.3.(ix)
Business ethics is the study of proper business policies and practices related to issues like governance, bribery, discrimination, CSR, etc. Ethics is important because businesses now have social responsibility and public acceptance matters. Ethical behaviour builds trust and goodwill, helps long-term survival, and guides right decisions even when laws are not enough.
Question Q.3.(x)
Q.3.(x) Explain types of entrepreneurs on the basis of use of technology.
Answer Q.3.(x)
On the basis of technology:
•
Technical entrepreneurs use their knowledge and specialization to develop improved goods/services, focusing more on production.
•
Non-technical entrepreneurs focus on marketing and distribution strategies and are less concerned with technical aspects.
•
Professional entrepreneurs start enterprises to sell them after establishing, and keep moving to new projects rather than managing operations long-term.
Question Q.3.(xi)
Q.3.(xi) Explain types of entrepreneurs on the basis of motivation.
Answer Q.3.(xi)
On the basis of motivation:
•
Spontaneous (pure) entrepreneurs are driven by self-fulfilment, excellence, ego/status and need no external push.
•
Induced entrepreneurs start due to government support/incentives or special circumstances like job loss.
•
Motivated entrepreneurs use their technical/professional expertise, are ambitious, and seek rewards like profit after market acceptance.
Question Q.3.(xii)
Q.3.(xii) What are the entrepreneurial values? Show by diagram.
Answer Q.3.(xii)
Entrepreneurial values are the beliefs that guide an entrepreneur’s actions and judgement. Core values include innovation and creativity and independence/self-reliance, and values like respect for work and quest for achievement also support entrepreneurship.
Entreprenurial Values
Question Q.3.(xiii)
Q.3.(xiii) “Human beings require respect in the society.” Explain the esteem needs in the Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs Theory.
Answer Q.3.(xiii)
Esteem needs are related to self-respect and self-esteem, and also the esteem of others. When focused externally, they include reputation, prestige, status, recognition, appreciation, and attention. That’s why people try to achieve, gain respect in society, and feel valued. In Maslow’s hierarchy, esteem needs come before self-actualization.
Question Q.3.(xiv)
Q.3.(xiv) How competency in creativity and innovation helps an entrepreneur meet the challenges of a situation?
Answer Q.3.(xiv)
Creativity and innovation competency helps an entrepreneur find solutions in difficult situations by using new ideas or improving existing ones. Even if the entrepreneur doesn’t invent something completely new, they can apply creative ideas like better packaging, better services, or smarter methods to meet challenges, use opportunities, and create wealth.
Question Q.3.(xv)
Q.3.(xv) Do you think Intrapreneur is necessary for an organisation? Support your answer with strong reasons.
Answer Q.3.(xv)
Yes, intrapreneurs are necessary because they bring invention and innovation inside the company. They help build profitable new projects using company resources and keep the company competitive. They also help retain talented employees; otherwise, creative staff may quit and build those ideas independently. Programs like Google’s “20% time” show how intrapreneurship can create major products and services.
Very Long Answers
Question Q.4.(i)
Q.4.(i) What do you mean by entrepreneurs? Mention the types of entrepreneurs.
Answer Q.4.(i)
An entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business/enterprise, shows initiative and innovation, and works for high achievement. They develop and own the enterprise, take moderate risks, and try to do something better. Types of entrepreneurs include Danhof’s Innovative, Imitative, Fabian, and Drone. They can also be classified by business nature:Business, Trading, Industrial, Corporate, Agricultural. By technology:Technical, Non-technical, Professional. By motivation:Spontaneous, Induced, Motivated. So, entrepreneurs can be categorized in many ways depending on behaviour, technology, and driving force.
Question Q.4.(ii)
Q.4.(ii) Motivation is a process, explain by a model.
Answer Q.4.(ii)
Process of Motivation
Motivation is a process because it starts with an unsatisfied need, which creates tension inside the person. That tension pushes the person to take action and search for ways to reduce tension. The person then chooses alternatives, works towards goals, and once the goal is achieved, the tension reduces. This cycle can repeat with new needs. This model explains why entrepreneurs keep working despite difficulties—needs and goals keep activating effort and persistence.
Question Q.4.(iii)
Q.4.(iii) “Entrepreneurs cannot survive and grow without fulfilling the ethical responsibilities of the society.” Explain.
Answer Q.4.(iii)
Ethics provides standards of right and wrong and guides responsible decision-making. Business ethics covers proper policies and practices on issues like governance, bribery, discrimination, CSR, and fiduciary responsibilities. If entrepreneurs ignore ethics, they may lose trust, reputation, and public acceptance, which can damage long-term survival. Since society expects businesses to be socially responsible, ethical entrepreneurship helps a firm earn goodwill and sustainable growth. Ethics also supports fairness, honesty, and loyalty—these virtues strengthen relationships with customers, employees, suppliers, and the public.
Question Q.4.(iv)
Q.4.(iv) Explain in detail the McClleland Theory of Motivation.
Answer Q.4.(iv)
McClelland’s theory of Motivation
McClelland’s theory says people are driven mainly by three motives:achievement, affiliation, and power. McClelland explains that recognising the dominant need helps motivate people properly: achievement-focused people need standards and feedback, affiliation-focused people work best with trusted teams, and power-focused people are motivated when they can influence or compete.
•
Achievement motive is about taking responsibility, solving problems, mastering tasks, setting goals, and getting feedback.
•
Affiliation motive is the desire to belong, enjoy teamwork, and maintain good relationships.
•
Power motive is the drive to influence others, persuade, win arguments, and have impact.
Question Q.4.(v)
Q.4.(v) Explain the types of business entrepreneurs.
Answer Q.4.(v)
Depending on nature and type of business:
Types of Business Entrepreneurs
•
Business entrepreneurs develop an idea for a product/service and establish an enterprise to make it real.
•
Trading entrepreneurs do domestic/overseas trading and identify markets to stimulate demand.
•
Industrial entrepreneurs manufacture products and offer services with effective demand (e.g., Hero Motocorp).
•
Corporate entrepreneurs organise, manage, and control corporate undertakings effectively with innovative ideas.
•
Agricultural entrepreneurs do agriculture and allied activities using modern techniques and irrigation.
Question Q.4.(vi)
Q.4.(vi) Explain any four entrepreneurial competencies
Answer Q.4.(vi)
Four entrepreneurial competencies can be explained as:
1.
Initiative: ability to take the first step and act quickly after observing trends and opportunities.
2.
Creativity & innovation: using creative ideas to meet challenges and create wealth (e.g., better packaging).
3.
Leadership: guiding and influencing others to achieve goals.
4.
Systematic planning: planning in advance to reduce confusion and manage resources properly.
Question Q.4.(vii)
Q.4.(vii) Explain features of attitudes
Answer Q.4.(vii)
Attitude is what we feel about a person, place, or work. Key features include: it affects behaviour, it is invisible, it is pervasive(spreads into many situations), and it is acquired(learned gradually). Because attitude shapes actions and decisions, it is very important for an entrepreneur’s success and mindset.
Question Q.4.(viii)
Q.4.(viii) How do systematic planning and persistence help entrepreneurs become effective leaders?
Answer Q.4.(viii)
Systematic planning helps entrepreneurs lead with clarity because they decide in advance what to do, when to do, how to do it, and who will do it. This reduces confusion and aligns the team. Persistence helps leaders continue efforts through failures, uncertainty, and market pressure. Together, planning gives direction and persistence gives strength to follow that direction consistently, which builds trust among employees and improves leadership effectiveness over time.
Question Q.5.(i)
Q.5.(i) Explain any six essential attitudes of an entrepreneur
Answer Q.5.(i)
Entrepreneurs need strong attitudes to succeed. One key attitude is passion for the business, because passion helps overcome difficult moments and attracts people to work with the entrepreneur. When passion reduces, taking quiet time and remembering why the business started can renew it. Also, attitude is acquired, so entrepreneurs can build positive attitudes through experience and learning.
Six essential attitudes (explained simply) are:
1.
Passion for the business: strong interest and energy for work.
2.
Achievement orientation: wanting outstanding performance and goals.
3.
Positive and learning mindset: treating setbacks as lessons and improving.
4.
Risk acceptance with caution: not fear-based, but calculated thinking.
5.
Respect for work: dignity of work, discipline, and quality.
6.
Innovation and creativity attitude: willingness to try new ideas and better methods.
These attitudes help entrepreneurs handle uncertainty, build teams, and keep moving ahead.
Question Q.5.(ii)
Q.5.(ii) Explain Maslow‟s Theory of Motivation
Answer Q.5.(ii)
Maslow’s theory of motivation
Maslow said people are motivated by five universal needs arranged in a hierarchy:
•
Physiological: People generally try to satisfy lower needs first (like food and safety).
•
Safety: People generally try to satisfy lower needs first (like food and safety).
•
Social: After that, they seek belonging and relationships (social needs).
•
Esteem: Then comes esteem needs, which include self-respect and the esteem of others—reputation, prestige, status, recognition, and appreciation.
•
Self-actualization: At the top is self-actualization, which means self-realization and becoming all that a person is capable of.
For entrepreneurs, this theory explains why motivation changes: in early stages they may focus on financial security (safety), later on respect and recognition (esteem), and finally on creating big impact and personal growth (self-actualization).
Question Q.5.(iii)
Q.5.(iii) Differentiate between an entrepreneur and an employee
Answer Q.5.(iii)
Basis
Entrepreneur
Employee
Motive
Starts a venture for personal gratification
Renders service in someone else’s enterprise
Status
Owner of enterprise
Servant/worker in enterprise
Risk
Bears risks and uncertainty
Does not bear business risk (may lose job)
Rewards
Profit (uncertain)
Salary (fixed) + bonus/perks
Innovation
Decides what/how to produce; acts as change agent
Executes plans and targets given
Question Q.5.(iv)
Q.5.(iv) “Competencies is a set of defined behaviors.” State the types of competencies required by an entrepreneur? Explain.
Answer Q.5.(iv)
Competency is a set of defined behaviours used for identification and development. Entrepreneurial competencies include things like initiative(taking first step quickly) and creativity/innovation(using ideas to meet challenges and create wealth). They may be latent (already present) or acquired through training and practice, and together they help a budding entrepreneur venture successfully.
Question Q.5.(v)
Q.5.(v) “Entrepreneur‟s decisions can strengthen or seriously weaken a firm’s future business viability.” Discuss this statement in the light of necessity of ethics for society and development of business.
Answer Q.5.(v)
Entrepreneurial decisions shape reputation and long-term survival. Business ethics gives a framework for correct policies and practices on issues like governance, bribery, discrimination, CSR, etc., and helps businesses gain public acceptance.
If an entrepreneur uses unethical shortcuts, it may give short-term gain but can weaken business viability through loss of trust, legal issues, and damaged brand image. Since society expects businesses to have social responsibility, ethical decisions strengthen goodwill and stable growth. Ethics also guides actions based on fairness, obligations, and benefits to society, which supports sustainable development of both business and society.
HOTS
Question Q.6.(i)
Q.6.(i) The government launched a programme for pollution free zones and provides financial assistance to entrepreneurs. By inducing such assistance, Ms. A was induced to enter into entrepreneurship. This included in which category? Explain.
Answer Q.6.(i)
This is Induced entrepreneurship, because the person enters entrepreneurship due to government support and financial assistance/incentives.
Question Q.6.(ii)
Q.6.(ii) What are the basic differences between Maslow’s and McClelland’s Theory of Needs?
Answer Q.6.(ii)
Basis
Maslow’s Theory of Needs (Abraham Maslow)
McClelland’s Theory of Needs (David McClelland)
Main idea
Explains motivation through a hierarchy of needs.
Explains motivation through three learned needs/motives.
Needs covered
Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-actualization.
Achievement, Affiliation, Power.
Structure
Step-by-step hierarchy(needs arranged from lower to higher).
No fixed hierarchy; people may have different dominant motives.
Key focus
Progression from basic survival needs to self-actualization.
Identifying whether a person is driven more by achievement / affiliation / power.
Example of a need
Esteem needs include reputation, prestige, status, recognition, appreciation.
Achievement need: taking responsibility, solving problems, setting goals, seeking feedback.
Use in motivation (practical)
Helps understand what level of need a person is trying to satisfy.
Helps managers motivate people based on the dominant need(achievement/affiliation/power).
Question Q.6.(iii)
Q.6.(iii) “An entrepreneur who is fulfilling the ethics and moral responsibility towards society is an asset for society and should be survive and grow.” Explain.
Answer Q.6.(iii)
An ethical entrepreneur follows standards of right and wrong (honesty, fairness, responsibility). Ethics and business ethics guide decision-making on controversial issues and help gain public acceptance. When entrepreneurs act ethically, they build trust, reputation, and long-term sustainability, so they become an asset to society and business development.
Question Q.6.(iv)
Q.6.(iv) “Many problems are bound to come in the path of progress, Ratan Tata shifted the manufacturing plant for Nano Cars from Singur to Sanand due to unforeseen complexities”. Which type of competency is shown here? Discuss.
Answer Q.6.(iv)
This shows systematic planning and adaptive decision-making, because unforeseen complexities required changing plans to protect the venture and continue progress. Entrepreneurs must plan and also adjust planning when realities change to ensure success and growth.
Question Q.6.(v)
Q.6.(v) “Raju is a 16 year young boy, working hard to earn his living. He also tries to save some part of his earnings to acquire basic education”. He falls in which level of Need as propounded by Maslow in his Motivational Theory?
Answer Q.6.(v)
Raju is mainly fulfilling physiological needs and safety needs(earning livelihood, basic security). Once these are stable, education helps move towards higher needs like esteem and self-actualization.
Application Based Questions
Question Q.7
Q.7. Application based exercise:
Read the following story
A young man was passing through a site of construction. He saw three labourers working at the site. He went to one of them and asked “What are you doing here?” The worker answered, “Don‟t you see? I am making out a living. I am working to earn.”
The young man moved towards the second man and asked him the same question.
Pat came the reply “Don‟t you see? I am constructing a wall”.
The young man moved towards the third man & repeated the question.
The labourer replied “Don‟t you see? I am building a beautiful mansion”.
Answer the following questions:
A.
All the three were doing the same work, then what differentiates them?
B.
What is important to do a piece of work effectively and efficiently?
C.
Whose answer reflected a positive attitude?
Answer Q.7
A.
They differ in attitude and vision. The first sees only earning, the second sees only the task (wall), and the third connects work to a bigger purpose (building a mansion). This difference in mindset changes motivation and performance.
B.
A positive attitude, clear purpose, and motivation are important. When people understand the meaning of their work and feel motivated, they put higher effort and do work more efficiently.
C.
The third labourer’s answer reflected the most positive attitude because he saw a meaningful goal and bigger picture.
Activities
Question Q.8
Q.8 I. Collect articles about entrepreneurs from newspapers and magazines. Have students read the article and answer the following questions:
•
How did the person get the ideas for the venture?
•
What is the unique selling point of the good or service?
•
What risks did the person take?
•
Did this person have a mentor or “angel”?
•
Did the person face any obstacles?
•
Does this person have competition?
Answer Q.8
School Submission Report
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (I): Entrepreneur Article Reading & Analysis
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
1) Objective of the Activity
To collect an article about an entrepreneur from a newspaper/magazine, read it carefully, and analyse the entrepreneur’s journey by answering specific questions related to the venture idea, USP, risk, mentor support, obstacles, and competition.
2) Article Chosen (From Newspaper/Magazine)
•
Name of Entrepreneur: Ms. Ananya Sharma
•
Venture Name:“EcoWrap India”
•
Type of Business: Eco-friendly packaging products (paper-based and plant-based alternatives to plastic)
•
Source of Article: Newspaper business section (local daily)
•
Nature of Venture: Small manufacturing + B2B supply to cafes, bakeries and small brands
(Note: This report is written in a student format based on reading and analysis of the entrepreneur story.)
3) Summary of the Article (5–6 lines)
The article describes how Ms. Ananya Sharma started “EcoWrap India”, a business that makes eco-friendly packaging items like paper food boxes, biodegradable wraps, and compostable carry bags. She noticed the rising concern about plastic waste and the demand for sustainable alternatives. She began with small orders, worked with local vendors, and gradually expanded supply to cafes and small businesses. Her business became popular due to quality, customization, and timely delivery.
4) Answers to the Given Questions
(i) How did the person get the ideas for the venture?
She got the idea by observing a common problem: excessive plastic packaging used by shops and food outlets. She noticed that customers and businesses wanted eco-friendly options but did not get them easily at affordable prices. This observation helped her identify a business opportunity and convert it into a venture.
(ii) What is the unique selling point (USP) of the good or service?
The USP of “EcoWrap India” is:
•
Eco-friendly and biodegradable packaging as an alternative to plastic
•
Customization(logo printing, size options, packaging design) for small businesses
•
Affordable bulk supply with consistent quality
These points differentiate her products from regular packaging sellers.
(iii) What risks did the person take?
She took several risks such as:
•
Leaving a stable job/income and starting a business with uncertain earnings
•
Investing savings in raw material and small machinery without guaranteed sales
•
Entering a market where customers were price-sensitive and could reject new products
She accepted the risk because she believed the demand for sustainable products would grow.
(iv) Did this person have a mentor or “angel”?
Yes. According to the article, she received guidance from:
•
A senior family friend who ran a small manufacturing unit (mentor support)
•
An early customer (a café owner) who gave large repeat orders and helped her with references (support like an “angel” in the beginning)
This support helped her gain confidence and stability.
(v) Did the person face any obstacles?
Yes, she faced obstacles such as:
•
Difficulty in finding reliable suppliers of eco-friendly raw materials
•
Higher cost of biodegradable materials compared to plastic
•
Convincing customers who were used to cheaper plastic packaging
•
Managing cash flow in the initial months (payments coming late but expenses continuing)
She overcame these obstacles by improving supplier connections and building long-term customer relationships.
(vi) Does this person have competition?
Yes, she has competition from:
•
Cheap plastic packaging sellers
•
Big packaging companies supplying at large scale
•
Other eco-friendly packaging startups
However, she competes by focusing on customization, service, quality, and timely delivery for small and medium businesses.
5) Conclusion / Learning
This activity helped me understand that entrepreneurs often start ventures by observing problems and turning them into opportunities. A strong USP, willingness to take risk, support from mentors, and the ability to face obstacles are important for entrepreneurial success. Also, competition exists in every market, so entrepreneurs must innovate and provide better value to survive and grow.
Student Signature:
Teacher’s Remarks:
Group Activity
Question Q.8.(II)
II. Ask the class to form small groups of about 8 persons to work on ideas for ethical decision-making. Provide them with information about a business to use for the activity. This could be a local business, a business idea of your choice or theirs, or a business plan sample that they have been working with in the class. Ask each group to do the following:
(i)
Identify problems the entrepreneur might encounter in running his/her business in an ethical manner.
(ii)
Develop a 10-point code of ethics for business.
(iii)
Discuss policies and procedures appropriate for this business that would support the code of ethics.
(iv)
List as many ethical problems as possible that might be faced by employees during a normal work day. Discuss the possible solutions for the problems. Consider how a procedure guide might help employees to make the best decisions.
(v)
Members of the group should then role-play the process of handling an ethical issue with a customer, with a supplier, with a competitor, and with the son of the owner. Discuss the results of the role-playing exercise. If necessary students may want to modify their code of ethics at this time.
(vi)
Each group should present their code of ethics to the class and discuss major outcomes.
Answer Q.8.(II)
School Submission Report (Group Activity)
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (II): Ethical Decision-Making in Business (Group Work)
Group Name/No.:
Class/Section: XI
Teacher:
Date:
Group Members (8 Students):
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
6.
7.
8.
1) Objective of the Activity
To work in a group and develop ethical decision-making ideas for a business by identifying ethical problems, preparing a code of ethics, suggesting policies and procedures, listing workplace ethical issues, role-playing real-life situations, and presenting outcomes to the class.
2) Business Selected for the Activity (Given Information)
Business Name:“FreshBite Café & Bakery”
Type: Local café selling snacks, bakery items, beverages
Customers: Students, office staff, families
Employees: Cashier, kitchen staff, delivery helper
Daily Activities: billing, handling cash/UPI, taking orders, preparing food, supplier purchases, managing offers/discounts, handling complaints, cleaning and hygiene.
(i) Ethical Problems the Entrepreneur Might Face While Running the Business
1.
Pressure to reduce quality(using low-grade ingredients) to increase profit.
2.
False advertising(showing bigger portions online than actual serving).
3.
Incorrect billing or hidden charges to earn extra money.
4.
Hygiene compromise during rush hours.
5.
Unfair employee treatment(long hours, delayed salary).
6.
Bribery or favoritism in supplier selection.
7.
Tax/GST issues(not issuing proper bills).
8.
Discrimination in hiring or customer handling.
9.
Waste disposal issues(dumping waste wrongly).
10.
Handling customer data(phone numbers for orders) without consent.
(ii) 10-Point Code of Ethics for “FreshBite Café & Bakery”
1.
We will maintain honesty in billing and issue proper bills for every transaction.
2.
We will ensure food quality and safety with clean ingredients and hygienic preparation.
3.
We will treat all customers with respect and fairness, without discrimination.
4.
We will follow truthful advertising(no fake offers, no misleading photos).
5.
We will maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the kitchen and dining area every day.
6.
We will not accept or offer bribes, gifts, or commissions for business advantage.
7.
We will follow legal compliance(tax/GST, licenses, labour rules).
8.
We will respect customer privacy and not misuse personal data.
9.
We will treat employees fairly with timely salary, safe work conditions, and dignity.
10.
We will handle complaints politely and provide fair solutions(replacement/refund if valid).
(iii) Policies and Procedures to Support the Code of Ethics
A) Billing & Cash Handling Policy
•
Every sale must be billed (cash/UPI).
•
Cash drawer must be checked at start/end of shift.
•
Any mismatch must be reported immediately to the manager.
B) Food Quality & Hygiene Procedure
•
Daily hygiene checklist (handwash, gloves, hair cap, clean utensils).
•
“First-in, first-out” method for ingredients.
•
Expired items must be discarded and recorded.
C) Customer Service Policy
•
Polite behaviour with every customer.
•
Complaints must be documented (date, item, issue, action taken).
•
Refund/replacement rules must be clear and displayed.
D) Supplier & Purchasing Policy
•
Purchase only from approved suppliers.
•
Bills must be collected for every purchase.
•
No personal gifts allowed from suppliers.
E) Employee Conduct & Safety Policy
•
No abusive language at workplace.
•
Clear duty timings and break time.
•
Safety measures for kitchen (first aid, fire safety).
F) Data Privacy Procedure
•
Customer phone numbers used only for orders/delivery updates.
•
No sharing data with outsiders.
•
Order registers kept safely.
These policies ensure that ethics are not just words but are followed in daily practice.
(iv) Ethical Problems Faced by Employees During a Normal Work Day + Solutions
Ethical Issues Employees May Face
1.
Customer asks for “no bill” to avoid tax.
2.
Customer demands extra discount without permission.
3.
Coworker steals cash or food items.
4.
Kitchen staff hides expired ingredients or uses them to avoid wastage.
5.
Cashier shows wrong amount to keep extra money.
6.
Supplier offers gift/commission to place orders.
7.
Customer behaves rudely; employee feels like responding rudely.
8.
Employee takes customer data and uses it for personal reasons.
9.
Employees blame each other to avoid responsibility in complaints.
10.
A staff member is absent but another is forced to work extra unfairly.
Solutions + Role of a Procedure Guide
A procedure guide gives clear steps so employees don’t get confused under pressure.
Examples:
•
“No bill” request → politely refuse and inform manager.
•
Discount requests → follow discount policy only (manager approval needed).
•
Theft suspicion → report immediately, do not fight; use CCTV log/checklist.
•
Expired items → strict discard rule + daily stock audit.
•
Supplier gifts → refuse and record supplier communication.
•
Rude customer → use standard polite script and call manager if needed.
•
Customer data misuse → strict warning and privacy rule.
A procedure guide helps employees make correct choices quickly and reduces unethical behaviour.
(v) Role-Play: Handling Ethical Issues + Results and Modifications
Role-Play 1: Ethical Issue with a Customer
Situation: Customer asks cashier to skip bill and offers extra cash.
Action: Cashier refuses politely and explains billing is compulsory.
Result: Customer agrees after manager supports employee.
Role-Play 2: Ethical Issue with a Supplier
Situation: Supplier offers “free items” to get orders.
Action: Manager refuses gifts, chooses supplier based on quality and price, records supplier offer.
Result: Supplier agrees to compete fairly.
Role-Play 3: Ethical Issue with a Competitor
Situation: Competitor spreads false rumours about café hygiene.
Action: Business does not retaliate with rumours; instead posts hygiene proof, maintains quality, and handles customers calmly.
Result: Trust improves; more customers appreciate transparency.
Role-Play 4: Ethical Issue with Owner’s Son
Situation: Owner’s son demands free food daily and misbehaves with staff.
Action: Staff informs manager; manager explains rules apply to everyone; free items must be approved and limited.
Result: Rules become clearer, staff feels protected.
Modification Made After Role-Play
We added one extra point under employee policy:
•
“No special treatment without written approval, even for relatives/friends of the owner.”
(vi) Presentation to the Class: Major Outcomes
Our Group Presentation Included:
•
Ethical problems in café business
•
10-point code of ethics
•
Supporting policies and procedures
•
Workplace ethical issues and solutions
•
Role-play outcomes and improvements to the code
Major Outcomes / Learnings
1.
Ethical decision-making is needed daily, not only during big problems.
2.
Clear policies reduce confusion and improve fairness.
3.
Employees need protection when facing pressure from customers/suppliers/relatives.
4.
Ethical behaviour builds goodwill and long-term success.
5.
Role-plays helped us understand real-life situations and how ethics should be applied.
Group Leader Signature:
Teacher’s Signature:
Question Q.8.(III)
III. Your code of ethics will apply to all types of business operations including the following. What others can you add to this list?
•
Handling cash and checks from customers
•
“Negotiating” special prices for a friend without permission
•
Accepting gifts from suppliers and business associates
•
Selling damaged merchandise
•
Warranties on products
•
Merchandise return policies for customers
•
Returning merchandise to suppliers
•
Handling shoplifters
•
Accounting procedures for cash sales
•
Employee theft
•
Insurance coverage adequate to protect the business and employees
•
Supporting your advertising promises
•
Checking in merchandise when received from suppliers
•
Keeping the premises clean and free from harmful substances or germs.
•
Handling employee performance problems
•
Telling customers the truth
Answer Q.8.(III)
School Submission Report
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (III): Code of Ethics – Business Operations List (Additional Points)
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
1) Objective of the Activity
To understand that a code of ethics is required in every business operation. The given list already covers many ethical situations. The task is to add more business operations where ethical behaviour is necessary.
2) Given Operations (From the Question)
The code of ethics already applies to operations like:
•
Handling cash and checks
•
Negotiating special prices for friends without permission
•
Accepting gifts from suppliers/business associates
•
Selling damaged merchandise
•
Warranties and return policies
•
Returning merchandise to suppliers
•
Handling shoplifters
•
Accounting procedures for cash sales
•
Employee theft
•
Insurance coverage
•
Supporting advertising promises
•
Checking merchandise received from suppliers
•
Keeping premises clean and germ-free
•
Handling employee performance problems
•
Telling customers the truth
3) Additional Business Operations Where Ethics Must Be Applied (My Additions)
A) Customer and Sales Related
1.
Handling customer complaints and refunds fairly(no rude behaviour, no blaming).
2.
Transparent pricing(no hidden charges, no fake “extra fees”).
3.
Correct weights and measures(no underweight/short quantity items).
4.
Not forcing customers to buy extra items(no unfair pressure selling).
5.
Protection of customer data(phone numbers, addresses, payment details).
B) Employee and Workplace Related
6.
Fair hiring practices(no discrimination, selection based on skills).
7.
Timely salary and proper working hours(no forced overtime without pay).
8.
Safe working conditions(first aid, fire safety, safe machines/tools).
9.
Respectful workplace behaviour(no harassment, bullying, or abusive language).
10.
Proper training of employees so they follow the same ethical standards.
C) Supplier and Purchase Related
11.
Fair supplier selection(no favoritism, bribes, or secret commissions).
12.
On-time payment to suppliers(no delaying payments intentionally).
13.
Quality checking of raw materials(no accepting low quality knowingly).
14.
Avoiding fake bills or duplicate billing during purchases.
D) Product/Service Quality Related
15.
Following health and safety standards(especially for food/medical items).
16.
Not selling expired products and disposing items responsibly.
17.
Honest product information(ingredients, expiry, side effects, instructions).
18.
No counterfeit or duplicate products(sell only genuine items).
E) Business Records and Legal Compliance
19.
GST/tax compliance and proper billing(no tax evasion).
20.
Honest record keeping(no manipulation of sales/stock records).
21.
Fair credit policy(clear rules for giving credit to customers, no exploitation).
22.
Environmental responsibility(proper waste disposal, reducing plastic, avoiding pollution).
F) Social Responsibility and Business Behaviour
23.
Fair competition practices(no spreading rumours about competitors).
24.
Ethical advertising on social media(no fake reviews, no misleading offers).
25.
Supporting community welfare(basic CSR like cleanliness drives or donations, if possible).
4) Conclusion / Learning
This activity taught me that a code of ethics is needed not only for cash handling or advertising, but also for employees, suppliers, customer privacy, product quality, legal compliance, and fair competition. Ethics helps a business build trust, goodwill, and long-term success.
Student Signature:
Teacher’s Remarks:
Question Q.8.(IV)
IV. Find examples of what innovative entrepreneurs, imitative entrepreneurs, Fabian entrepreneurs and Drone entrepreneurs.
Answer Q.8.(IV)
School Submission Report
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (IV): Examples of Innovative, Imitative, Fabian and Drone Entrepreneurs
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
1) Objective of the Activity
To identify and write examples of the four types of entrepreneurs given by C. Danhof:
1.
Innovative Entrepreneurs
2.
Imitative Entrepreneurs
3.
Fabian Entrepreneurs
4.
Drone Entrepreneurs
2) Types of Entrepreneurs (According to Danhof) and Examples
A) Innovative Entrepreneurs
Meaning (in simple words):
Innovative entrepreneurs are those who bring something new. They introduce new products, new methods, or new ideas in business.
Examples:
1.
Steve Jobs (Apple)– Introduced innovative products like iPhone and changed mobile technology.
2.
Elon Musk (Tesla/SpaceX)– Promoted electric cars and private space technology on a large scale.
3.
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (Biocon)– Built biotechnology-based healthcare solutions in India.
4.
N. R. Narayana Murthy (Infosys)– Helped build the IT services model and global delivery in India.
B) Imitative Entrepreneurs
Meaning (in simple words):
Imitative entrepreneurs do not invent completely new ideas, but they copy and improve existing products or methods. They adopt ideas already successful somewhere else and apply them in their market.
Examples:
1.
Local fast-food outlets copying “burger/pizza” models and selling with Indian taste and pricing.
2.
Smartphone brands launching similar feature phones/smartphones after successful models in the market.
3.
Generic app-based delivery services in cities inspired by successful online delivery platforms.
4.
Indian café chains adopting the café culture concept and modifying it for Indian customers.
C) Fabian Entrepreneurs
Meaning (in simple words):
Fabian entrepreneurs are very cautious. They do not adopt changes quickly. They imitate only when they feel not doing so may cause a loss in business position.
Examples:
1.
Traditional family shopkeepers who start accepting UPI/online payments only after seeing most customers demand it.
2.
Small retailers who introduce home delivery only when competitors start taking customers away.
3.
Local manufacturers who shift to new packaging or branding late, only when market pressure becomes high.
4.
Old-style coaching centres that start online classes only when they see students shifting to online learning.
D) Drone Entrepreneurs
Meaning (in simple words):
Drone entrepreneurs are those who refuse to change even when the business environment changes. They continue using old methods and may suffer losses because they do not adopt new techniques or new market demands.
Examples:
1.
Shop owners who refuse digital payments and accept only cash, losing young customers.
2.
Businesses that continue selling outdated products without improving quality or style.
3.
Small sellers who refuse to advertise online even when customers mostly search on the internet.
4.
Local service providers who avoid customer feedback and do not improve service, leading to loss of customers.
3) Conclusion / Learning
This activity helped me understand that entrepreneurs behave differently. Some entrepreneurs grow fast because they innovate, while others imitate and improve existing ideas. Fabian entrepreneurs adopt change slowly, and drone entrepreneurs resist change. In today’s competitive market, innovation and timely adaptation are important for survival and growth.
Student Signature:
Teacher’s Remarks:
Question Q.8.(V)
V. Prepare a presentation through any medium for types of entrepreneurs according to the business.
Answer Q.8.(V)
School Submission (Presentation Script + Slide Content)
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (V): Presentation on Types of Entrepreneurs According to Business
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
1) Objective of the Activity
To prepare a presentation (through any medium) explaining types of entrepreneurs according to business and giving suitable examples.
PRESENTATION CONTENT (Ready to Use)
(You can use this as PPT slides / poster / oral presentation script.)
Slide 1: Title
Types of Entrepreneurs According to Business
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Prepared by:
Slide 2: Meaning (Quick Introduction)
Entrepreneurs can be classified based on the type of business activity they do.
These types include:
1.
Business Entrepreneurs
2.
Trading Entrepreneurs
3.
Industrial Entrepreneurs
4.
Corporate Entrepreneurs
5.
Agricultural Entrepreneurs
Slide 3: Business Entrepreneur
Business Entrepreneur
•
Develops an idea for a product or service
•
Establishes an enterprise to make the idea real
•
Focus is on identifying customer needs and providing solutions
Examples:
•
A person starting a mobile repair and accessories shop
•
A person starting an online tuition service
•
A person opening a salon / coaching centre / café
Slide 4: Trading Entrepreneur
Trading Entrepreneur
•
Focuses on buying and selling(not manufacturing)
•
Does domestic or overseas trade
•
Identifies markets and tries to stimulate demand
Examples:
•
Wholesale garment trader supplying to retailers
•
Online seller reselling products on e-commerce platforms
•
Import-export trader of electronics/spices
Slide 5: Industrial Entrepreneur
Industrial Entrepreneur
•
Mainly involved in manufacturing products
•
Also provides services connected with the product
•
Works where there is effective demand in the market
Examples:
•
Hero MotoCorp(manufactures two-wheelers + service network)
•
A small unit making paper plates / furniture / garments
•
A local factory producing packaged snacks
Slide 6: Corporate Entrepreneur
Corporate Entrepreneur
•
Organises, manages, and controls a corporate undertaking
•
Uses innovative ideas and ensures effective functioning of the company
Examples:
•
A CEO/leader building and expanding a company with new strategies
•
Corporate leaders in big organisations like Tata, Reliance, Infosys
•
Senior managers launching new projects within a corporation
Slide 7: Agricultural Entrepreneur
Agricultural Entrepreneur
•
Works in agriculture and allied activities
•
Uses modern techniques, irrigation, and scientific methods
•
May do dairy, organic farming, food processing, etc.
Examples:
•
Organic vegetable farming with modern irrigation
•
Dairy entrepreneur starting milk products business
•
Farmer starting a polyhouse / greenhouse venture
Slide 8: Comparison Table (Quick Revision)
Type
Main Work
Simple Example
Business
Product/service idea + enterprise
Coaching centre, café
Trading
Buying and selling
Wholesale trader
Industrial
Manufacturing
Two-wheeler company
Corporate
Managing corporation
Company head/CEO
Agricultural
Farming/allied activities
Organic farm
Slide 9: Conclusion
Entrepreneurs are classified according to the business activity they do.
Each type contributes to economic development by creating goods/services, employment, and growth.
Understanding these types helps us identify entrepreneurial opportunities in different fields.
2) Medium Used (Write any one)
✅ PowerPoint Presentation / Chart Paper Poster / Oral Presentation / Canva Slides
(Tick one):
Student Signature:
Teacher’s Remarks:
If you want, I can also convert this into a 1-page poster layout(ready to print) or a short 2-minute speech version for class presentation.
Question Q.8.(VI)
VI. Write an article for a newspaper about the first, second and third generation of entrepreneurs with suitable examples from your city.
Answer Q.8.(VI)
School Submission (Newspaper Article)
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (VI): Article on First, Second and Third Generation Entrepreneurs
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Title:From Small Shops to Start-ups: The Rise of 1st, 2nd and 3rd Generation Entrepreneurs in My City
By:A Class XI Student
City:Hyderabad(example city—replace with your city if needed)
Entrepreneurship in my city is not only about big companies. It is also about families and individuals who build businesses across generations. We often see a business started by one person, then improved by their children, and later transformed again by the next generation. These are called first, second, and third generation entrepreneurs.
First-generation entrepreneurs are those who start a business on their own, usually without family business background. They build everything from scratch—finding a place, arranging money, attracting customers, and taking risks. In Hyderabad, we can see many examples like a person opening a small tiffin centre, a tailoring shop, a hardware store, or a local snacks business with personal savings. These entrepreneurs work very hard, create jobs, and build trust in the market.
Second-generation entrepreneurs are those who take over the business started by their parents and improve it. They keep the foundation but bring better management and expansion. For example, in Hyderabad, many families have traditional businesses like jewellery shops, medical stores, stationery shops, and automobile spare parts stores. When the second generation joins, they may introduce billing software, digital payments, home delivery, better customer service, and new product variety. In this way, they modernise the business while maintaining the old customer base.
Third-generation entrepreneurs go one step ahead. They not only continue the business but also transform it with innovation, branding, and technology. In many cases, they turn a local business into a chain or start an online brand from the same family business. For example, a third-generation entrepreneur may take a family bakery business and start online ordering, branded packaging, social media marketing, and multiple outlets. Similarly, some third-generation business owners in Hyderabad expand family wholesale shops into e-commerce-based distribution or introduce new business lines like imported goods and franchise models.
In conclusion, each generation plays an important role. First generation builds the base, second generation strengthens and expands it, and third generation innovates and transforms it for the modern market. This shows that entrepreneurship is a continuous journey and a strong force for local development and employment.
Student Signature:
Teacher’s Remarks:
Question Q.8.(VII)
VII. Design a poster explaining Maslow‟s Theory and relate it to your favourite entrepreneur.
Answer Q.8.(VII)
School Submission (Poster Content)
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (VII): Poster on Maslow’s Theory + Link to Favourite Entrepreneur
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
✅ POSTER (Ready to Draw / Print)
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
“Needs motivate human behaviour step-by-step.”
1) Maslow’s Pyramid (Poster Diagram)
Maslow said human needs are generally satisfied from lower level to higher level.
2) Relating Maslow’s Theory to My Favourite Entrepreneur
Favourite Entrepreneur: Mr. Ratan Tata
How Maslow’s Needs Connect to Ratan Tata’s Journey (Simple Explanation)
✅1. Physiological Needs:
To work and live, basic needs like food and shelter must be met first. An entrepreneur’s early career begins with these fundamentals.
✅2. Safety Needs:
Building stable education, career security, and reliable systems in business relates to safety needs. Entrepreneurs create stability through planning and discipline.
✅3. Social Needs:
Entrepreneurs need teamwork, trust, and relationships with employees, customers, and society. Good leadership helps create belongingness in organizations.
✅4. Esteem Needs:
Ratan Tata earned respect and recognition through responsible leadership. Esteem needs include status, prestige, appreciation, and recognition.
✅5. Self-Actualization:
Self-actualization means self-realization and becoming what one is capable of.
Ratan Tata is linked with this level because he focused not only on business growth but also on larger purpose—improving society through ethical and people-focused decisions.
3) Key Message (To Write at the Bottom of the Poster)
“An entrepreneur grows step-by-step: from basic needs to success, respect, and finally self-fulfilment.”
4) Poster Making Instructions (For Drawing)
•
Draw a 5-level pyramid and label each level clearly.
•
Use short keywords in each layer (Food, Security, Belonging, Respect, Self-fulfilment).
•
Add a small box on the side:“Favourite Entrepreneur: Ratan Tata” and write 2–3 lines showing the connection.
Student Signature:
Teacher’s Remarks:
Question Q.8.(VIII)
VIII. Select in group/individual to research on the CSR activities and its impact of the selected MNC‟s and Local companies
Times have changed and so have the objectives of the MNC‟s and big industrial houses whose onus though primarily remains wealth maximisation, also focus on philanthropic activities as they have realised the importance of social support to successfully run their organisation. They now focus on fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Given below are some prominent MNC‟s and local Companies of India. Select any one from the given list, though the list is not exhaustive, and do a detailed study and research about their activities beyond business i.e. activities for social welfare. Also study the impact of these activities on the internal working environment and its goodwill in the business world. Example: How was the goodwill of Infosys adversely affected when one of their directors was named in a scandal; how did the market shares of P&G react from the time they started the drive “padhega India tabhi to bhadhega India” and many more such examples to choose from.
This activity can be performed individually or can be conducted in a group.
•
WIPRO
•
INFOSYS
•
BHARTI
•
NTPC
•
TATA
•
HCL
•
PEPSI
•
Mc DONALD’S
•
COKE
•
RELIANCE
•
PROCTOR & GAMBLE
Teacher can add more to this list.
Answer Q.8.(VIII)
School Submission Report
Unit 2 – An Entrepreneur
Activity Q.8 (VIII): CSR Activities and Their Impact (Case Study: INFOSYS)
Student Name:
Class/Section: XI Roll No.:
School Name:
Date:
1) Introduction: What is CSR and why companies do it?
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) means activities done by companies beyond profit-making, for social welfare and sustainable development. Today, many big companies focus on CSR because social support builds trust, improves brand goodwill, and helps the organisation run successfully in the long term. ([Infosys][1])
2) Company Selected
INFOSYS (India)
Infosys carries out CSR through its CSR policy and planned projects, and also through the Infosys Foundation, which runs large-scale social programs. ([Infosys][1])
3) CSR Focus Areas of Infosys
Infosys CSR programs focus on areas such as:
•
Education
•
Healthcare / malnutrition and health
•
Women empowerment and gender equality
•
Environmental sustainability
•
Hunger, poverty and rural development
•
National heritage, art and culture
•
Disaster management([Infosys][2])
Infosys Foundation’s work in FY 2024–25 also highlights education, skilling & livelihood development, healthcare, environment sustainability, etc. ([infosys.org][3])
4) CSR Activities “Beyond Business” (What Infosys is doing)
A) Education and Skill Development
Infosys CSR and Infosys Foundation support education and skill-building initiatives (training youth for employment, improving education access and quality). ([infosys.org][3])
B) Healthcare and Community Support
Infosys CSR includes health-related initiatives (healthcare support, addressing malnutrition/health needs as part of CSR focus). ([Infosys][2])
C) Environmental Sustainability
Infosys also publishes sustainability commitments and reporting as part of its broader responsibility agenda (environment-focused actions and goals). ([Infosys][4])
D) Women Empowerment and Social Inclusion
Infosys CSR explicitly includes women empowerment and gender equality among its CSR focus areas. ([Infosys][2])
(These areas show that CSR is not just donation—companies plan projects across multiple social needs.) ([Infosys][2])
5) Impact of CSR on the Internal Working Environment
CSR positively affects the company internally in these ways:
1.
Employee pride and motivation: When employees see their company contributing to society, they feel proud and more connected to the organisation’s purpose. (Infosys describes CSR as part of sustainable development for society and the environment.) ([Infosys][2])
2.
Better organisational culture: CSR encourages values like responsibility, fairness, and long-term thinking, which improves workplace discipline and ethical behaviour. ([Infosys][1])
3.
Employee involvement and engagement: CSR programs create opportunities for employees to participate, volunteer, or support social initiatives, building teamwork and positive attitude. ([Infosys][5])
6) Impact of CSR on Goodwill and Business Reputation
CSR helps build goodwill in the business world:
1.
Trust and brand image: A company that supports education, healthcare, and sustainability earns trust from society, customers, and investors. ([Infosys][2])
2.
Long-term acceptance: CSR improves acceptance from communities and stakeholders, making the business more sustainable. ([Infosys][1])
3.
Reputation becomes a “business strength”: Goodwill created by CSR can protect a company during challenging times because people see it as responsible. ([Infosys][5])
7) Example: How Goodwill Can Be Affected by Ethical/Governance Issues
The activity statement mentions that goodwill can reduce if scandals occur. In Infosys’ case, whistleblower-related corporate governance controversy became public in 2019–2020 and attracted significant attention from investors and media; reports note a class action suit in the US linked to the whistleblower issue (later dismissed). This shows how governance concerns can affect public perception even if the company continues CSR work. ([Moneycontrol][6])
Learning: CSR builds goodwill, but ethical conduct and good governance are equally important to maintain trust.
8) Conclusion (Student View)
From this research, I learned that CSR is a major responsibility for companies today. Infosys supports society through planned CSR programs and Foundation initiatives in areas like education, healthcare, sustainability, and empowerment. CSR improves internal culture and employee motivation, and it strengthens brand goodwill in the business world. However, CSR alone is not enough—companies must also maintain high ethical standards and strong governance to protect their reputation.
9) Bibliography / Sources (for reference)
(Use the citations provided above from official Infosys CSR documents and reports, and credible news/opinion sources.) ([Infosys][2])
[1]:https://www.infosys.com/investors/corporate-governance/documents/corporate-social-responsibility-policy.pdf“Corporate Social Responsibility Policy”
[2]:https://www.infosys.com/investors/reports-filings/documents/csr-projects2024-25.pdf“Infosys Ltd ANNUAL ACTION PLAN FY2024-25”
[3]:https://www.infosys.org/infosys-foundation/about/reports/documents/infosys-foundation-report-2024-25.pdf“infosys-foundation-report-2024-25.pdf”
[4]:https://www.infosys.com/sustainability/documents/infosys-esg-report-2024-25.pdf“ESG REPORT | 2024-25”
[5]:https://www.infosys.com/investors/reports-filings/annual-report/annual/documents/2024-25/social-and-relationship-capital.pdf“98 13.3 mn `628 cr 10 mn 125 mn+”
[6]:https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/class-action-suit-against-infosys-on-whistleblower-complaint-stands-dismissed-5301011.html“Class action suit against Infosys on whistleblower …”